1960s Economics of Computing

• Expensive computers

• • Large systems: $50-75,000 per month
  • • Univac 1108, IBM 360/67
  • Medium systems: $12-20,000 per month
  • • IBM 1410, GE 210

• Expensive custom programming

• Long development cycles

• Batch operations affect time to respond

• Ad hoc data stores inhibit data sharing